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Penelope Fitzgerald (17 December 1916 – 28 April 2000) was a Booker Prize–winning English novelist, poet, essayist and biographer. In 2008, ''The Times'' included her in a list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".〔(5 January 2008). (The 50 greatest British writers since 1945 ). ''The Times''. Retrieved on 2010-02-01.〕 In 2012, ''The Observer'' named her final novel, ''The Blue Flower'', as one of "the ten best historical novels". ==Biography== Penelope Fitzgerald was born Penelope Mary Knox at the Old Bishop's Palace, Lincoln, the daughter of Edmund Knox, later editor of ''Punch'', and Christina Hicks, daughter of Edward Hicks, the bishop of Lincoln, and one of the first women students at Oxford. She was the niece of the theologian and crime writer Ronald Knox, the cryptographer Dillwyn Knox, the Bible scholar Wilfred Knox, and the novelist and biographer Winifred Peck.〔Jenny Turner, ("In the Potato Patch: Review of ''Penelope Fitzgerald: A Life''" by Hermione Lee" ), ''London Review of Books'', 19 December 2013〕 Fitzgerald later wrote: "When I was young I took my father and my three uncles for granted, and it never occurred to me that everyone else wasn't like them. Later on, I found that this was a mistake, but I've never quite managed to adapt myself to it. I suppose they were unusual, but I still think that they were right, and insofar as the world disagrees with them, I disagree with the world."〔()〕 She was educated at Wycombe Abbey and Somerville College, Oxford University, from which she graduated in 1938 with a congratulatory First, she was named a “Woman of the Year” in ''Isis'', the student newspaper.〔 She worked for the BBC during World War II and in 1942 she married Desmond Fitzgerald, whom she had met in 1940 while they were both at Oxford. When they met he was studying for the bar and had enlisted to serve as a soldier with the Irish Guards. Six months after their marriage, Desmond’s regiment was sent to North Africa. He won the Military Cross in the Western Desert Campaign in Libya campaign but when he returned to civilian life he was an alcoholic.〔 In the early 1950s she and her husband lived in Hampstead, London, where she had grown up, while they co-edited a magazine called ''World Review'', where J. D. Salinger’s “For Esmé with Love and Squalor” was first published in the UK, as well as the writings of Bernard Malamud, Norman Mailer, and Alberto Moravia. Fitzgerald also contributed to the magazine, writing about literature, music, and sculpture. Soon afterwards Desmond was disbarred for "forging signatures on checks that he cashed at the pub". The end of his legal career led to a life of poverty for the Fitzgeralds; at times they were even homeless and lived for four months in a homeless center. They lived for eleven years in a council flat—public housing. In order to provide for her family, during the 1960s she taught at the Italia Conti Academy, a drama school, and at Queen's Gate School, where her pupils included Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall. She also taught "at a posh crammer’s, where her pupils included Anna Wintour, Edward St Aubyn, and Helena Bonham Carter (in fact, she continued to teach until she was seventy years old).〔 She also worked in a bookshop in Southwold, Suffolk. For a time she lived in Battersea, on a houseboat that sank twice. They had three children, a son, Valpy, and two daughters, Tina and Maria.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Penelope Fitzgerald」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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